Located at the intersection of international business and strategic management, international strategic management (ISM) research is a relatively new and growing field of research inquiry (Lu 2003; Peng and Zhou 2006; Werner 2002) that addresses how various environmental and organizational factors impact a multinational enterprise's (MNE's) ability to outperform its competitors over time (Bruton et al. 2004). (1) This includes an MNE's ability to formulate and "implement!] a plan of action for pursuing [its] mission and attaining these objectives" in the global business environment (Luthans and Doh 2009, p. 252). From its early beginnings in the 1980s (Ricks et al. 1990), ISM research has steadily gained momentum and exponentially grown as a complex field of inquiry over the course of the 1990s (Lu 2003) and 2000s (Tallman and Pedersen 2011). However, this momentum and exponential growth can make it difficult for scholars to accurately assess the current status of ISM research. This notion is of particular importance, since ISM is a multidisciplinary field enriched by disciplines as diverse as economics, finance, law, organizational studies, marketing, sociology, political science, and psychology. Thus, there is a need to identify and better understand the evolving boundaries of ISM research, as well as to quantify trends within its subfields. These observations lead us to examine the recent trends in ISM research. Specifically, we ask the following research questions: (1) what are the most studied subfields of ISM research? and (2) what are the most prevalent theories employed within each subfield of ISM research?
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